Nakagami-<i>m</i>信道下结合中继选择和模式选择的隐蔽通信传输方案研究

黄海燕; 黄怡; 张宁; 梁琳琳; 张学军

doi:10.11999/JEIT260287

Nakagami-m信道下结合中继选择和模式选择的隐蔽通信传输方案研究

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260287 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260287

1.
兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院兰州 730070
2.
中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司成都 610031
3.
西安电子科技大学网络信息安全学院西安 710071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(62461032和62001359)，兰州市青年科技人才创新专项(2025-QN-071)，甘肃省重点研发计划(25YFFA089)，兰州交通大学重点研发项目资助(ZDYF2304)

详细信息

作者简介:
黄海燕：女，教授，研究方向为无人机通信、新型多址接入技术、物理层安全和隐蔽通信

黄怡：女，硕士生，研究方向为物理层安全、隐蔽通信

张宁：女，中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司助理工程师，研究方向为铁路无线通信、5G-R、低空经济、隧道安全监测

梁琳琳：男，副教授，研究方向为隐蔽通信、物联网安全

张学军：男，教授，研究方向为数据隐私与机器学习、物联网信息安全、软件缺陷检测、指纹室内定位隐私保护、智能电网信息安全

通讯作者:
黄海燕　huanghaiyan@mail.lzjtu.cn

中图分类号: TP309
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-13
- 修回日期: 2026-05-14
- 录用日期: 2026-06-29
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-07

Research on Covert Communication Transmission Scheme Combining Relay Selection and Mode Selection over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

1.
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610031, China
3.
School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (62461032 and 62001359), Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Special Project (2025-QN-071), Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province (25YFFA089), Key Research and Development Project of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (ZDYF2304)

摘要

摘要: 针对物联网通信中通信距离短、覆盖能力差和信息泄露的问题，该文研究了基于中继选择和模式选择的隐蔽通信系统。源节点通过中继与目的节点进行隐蔽信息传输，考虑中继分别工作在最优中继-半双工模式/全双工模式，最优中继-随机传输模式，最优传输模式-随机中继和最优中继-最优传输模式，在Nakagami-m衰落信道下推导非法监听者在半双工和全双工最优中继下的检测错误概率表达式，以及该通信系统在各传输方案下的传输中断概率和隐蔽速率的闭式表达式。结果表明检测阈值或干扰功率增大时，非法监听者检测隐蔽信息的能力减弱，检测错误概率增大并趋近于1；联合中继与模式选择方案在可靠性和隐蔽性方面始终表现最佳，在目标传输速率等于$ \text{6.5 bit/(s}\cdot \text{Hz)} $时，该方案的传输中断概率较全双工模式方案降低6.9%。
- 隐蔽通信 /
- 模式选择 /
- 中继选择 /
- 检测错误概率 /
- 传输中断概率
Abstract: Objective Covert communications provide higher security for wireless communication systems by enabling the transmission of covert information and preventing the interception of transmitted signals. However, channel conditions exhibit randomness and uncertainty in practical wireless propagation environments. The Nakagami-m fading channel, as a generalized fading model capable of describing various channel states, provides a realistic foundation for analyzing the performance of covert communication. Furthermore, relay cooperation techniques have attracted significant attention due to their ability to improve transmission reliability in fading channels. Meanwhile, different selections of relays and transmission modes have been shown to significantly affect system performance. Consequently, investigating the impact of relay selection and mode selection on the performance of covert communication systems over Nakagami-m channels holds considerable theoretical and practical importance for the development of next-generation secure communication protocols. Methods This paper proposes a covert communication system assisted by relay and mode selection. In this configuration, the source node communicates with the destination node via multiple relays, while a warden attempts to detect signals transmitted from both the source and relay nodes. A friendly jammer is employed to transmit interference signals in order to confuse the warden. For the transmission schemes of fixed half-duplex or full-duplex mode under optimal relay selection, random transmission mode under optimal relay selection, random relay selection under optimal transmission mode, and joint optimal relay and mode selection, the warden’s detection error probability under both half-duplex and full-duplex optimal relay conditions over Nakagami-m fading channels is derived. Furthermore, analytical expressions for the exact transmission outage probability, asymptotic transmission outage probability, and covert rate of the system are derived under different relay and mode selection strategies. Subsequently, theoretical analyses are validated using MATLAB simulations. Results and Discussions Simulation results show that an optimal detection threshold exist for minimizes the detection error probability (Fig. 2). As the detection threshold or the jamming power increases, the warden’s ability to detect covert information deteriorates, causing the detection error probability to approach one (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). Under the same target transmission rate and high SNR conditions, the joint relay and mode selection scheme achieves the lowest outage probability, thereby enhancing transmission reliability (Fig. 4, Fig. 5). At a target transmission rate of $ \text{6.5 bit/(s}\cdot \text{Hz)} $, the transmission outage probability with joint relay and mode selection is reduced by at least 6.9% compared to other considered cases (Fig. 4). As the transmit power and the number of relays increase, the covert rate gradually converges to a fixed value, and joint relay and mode selection is shown to achieve a higher covert rate (Fig. 6, Fig. 7). Conclusions This paper proposes a covert communication system based on relay selection and mode selection over Nakagami-m fading channels. Under different relay and mode selection strategies, analytical expressions for the warden’s detection error probability and the system’s exact transmission outage probability are derived, based on which the asymptotic transmission outage probability covert rate of the system are analyzed. Simulation results show that increasing detection threshold or jamming power gradually degrade the warden’s ability to detect covert information. Under identical target transmission rates and high SNR conditions, joint relay and mode selection yields the lowest outage probability. Further analysis indicates that by appropriately selecting relays and transmission modes, not only can the warden’s detection capability be weakened to protect covert information transmission, but the reliability and covertness of the system can also be improved. However, this study only considers ideal channel conditions, practical factors such as hardware impairments and environmental variations in real-world transmission should be accounted for in future work.
- covert communication /
- relay selection /
- mode selection /
- detection error probability /
- transmission outage probability

HTML全文

图 1 系统模型

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图 2 检测错误概率与检测阈值的关系

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图 3 m和干扰功率变化时半双工模式方案和全双工模式方案的检测错误概率对比

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图 4 目标传输速率不同时各传输方案的传输中断概率的变化曲线

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图 5 不同传输方案下传输中断概率的变化曲线

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图 6 不同传输方案下的发射功率与隐蔽速率的关系

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图 7 隐蔽速率随中继数目的变化曲线

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