MGM-3DUNet：多尺度边缘语义引导的图卷积序列脑肿瘤分割方法

庄建军; 李想; 景生华; 吕政隆

doi:10.11999/JEIT260128

MGM-3DUNet：多尺度边缘语义引导的图卷积序列脑肿瘤分割方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260128 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260128

庄建军^{1, 2, ,},
李想¹,
景生华³,
吕政隆¹

1.
安徽建筑大学电子与信息工程学院合肥 230031
2.
南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院南京 210044
3.
东部战区总医院放疗科南京 210002

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0105500)，国家自然科学基金(62171228)，江苏高校“青蓝工程”

详细信息

作者简介:
庄建军：男，博士，教授，研究方向为深度学习、医疗人工智能

李想：男，硕士生，研究方向为深度学习、医学图像处理

景生华：女，硕士，副主任技师，研究方向为医学物理

吕政隆：男，硕士生，研究方向为医学图像处理、嵌入式

通讯作者:
庄建军　jjzhuang@nuist.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN911.73; TP391.41
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- 文章访问数: 122
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 25
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-02
- 修回日期: 2026-05-23
- 录用日期: 2026-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-10

MGM-3DUNet: A Multi-scale Edge Semantic-guided GraphConvolutional Sequence Method for Brain Tumor Segmentation

1.
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, China
2.
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
3.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0105500), The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171228), Jiangsu Provincial University ‘Blue and Yellow Project’ Funding

摘要

摘要: 针对脑肿瘤尺度差异大、边界模糊、小病灶易漏检以及现有分割模型难以兼顾分割性能和参数规模等问题，该文以三维U型卷积神经网络(3DUNet)为基线，提出多尺度边缘语义引导的图卷积序列脑肿瘤分割方法—MGM-3DUNet。通过多尺度边缘语义引导模块(MEGM)将可学习的边缘检测与多尺度语义特征融合，精准捕捉肿瘤边界细节，生成边缘预测图提供辅助监督；通过图卷积序列模块(GCSM)融合图卷积的局部拓扑聚合能力与高效长程建模优势，缓解现有长序列特征建模方法在特征编码过程中局部细粒度细节易衰减、空间精细结构保留不足的问题；多尺度上下文感知模块(MCPM)对不同尺度特征动态加权融合，使解码器自适应匹配水肿区与核心区的特征需求，缓解尺度失衡导致的小病灶漏检。最后，在开源数据集BraTS2020, BraTS2021上进行了实验验证。结果表明，模型以2.3 M的轻量级参数在整体肿瘤(WT)、肿瘤核心(TC)和增强肿瘤(ET)区域分别达到了91.2%, 90.4%和89.2%的Dice系数，整体性能优于现有主流模型，在保持低计算成本的同时，实现了关键区域的精准分割。
- 3DUNet /
- 轻量级 /
- 边缘语义引导 /
- 图卷积 /
- 脑肿瘤分割
Abstract: Objective Feature fusion in U-Net and its 3D variants mainly relies on simple single-scale concatenation, which limits the use of encoder features and weakens fine-grained segmentation of Tumor Core (TC) and Enhancing Tumor (ET) regions. Recent methods such as VM-UNet improve sequence modeling efficiency, but they mainly focus on global information modeling. Local detail preservation and edge enhancement remain insufficient. Therefore, current methods still have limitations in segmentation accuracy and clinical utility. To address these problems, this paper proposes MGM-3DUNet for brain tumor segmentation. Methods The Multi-Scale Edge semantic Guidance Module (MEGM) is designed to improve tumor boundary segmentation through learnable edge detection. The Graph Convolutional Sequence Module (GCSM) combines the local aggregation ability of graph convolution with efficient long-range modeling based on a Mamba-like structure. This design improves semantic consistency while preserving small tumor structures with fewer parameters. The Multi-scale Context Perception Module (MCPM) is introduced to strengthen feature complementarity across different tumor scales through dual-scale fusion. Results and Discussions Experiments show that the proposed method achieves better average Dice similarity coefficient (Dice) and 95th percentile Hausdorff Distance (HD95) than the comparison methods. With only 2.3M parameters, MGM-3DUNet achieves Dice values of 91.2%, 90.4%, and 89.2% for Whole Tumor (WT), TC, and ET, respectively. The visualization results (Fig. 9, Fig. 10) further show that MEGM improves boundary localization. Overall, the proposed method shows improved sensitivity to edge details and contextual correlations while maintaining a low parameter count. Conclusions This method improves tumor boundary prediction by introducing shallow-layer edge enhancement to emphasize tumor contours. Local and global semantic information is fused in the bottleneck layer, and multi-scale contextual features are integrated during decoding. The proposed design achieves accurate segmentation with low computational cost and is suitable for deployment on resource-constrained platforms.
- 3DUNet /
- Lightweight /
- Edge semantic guidance /
- Graph convolution /
- Brain tumor segmentation

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图 1 MGM-3DUNet网络结构

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图 2 MEGM结构

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图 3 GCSM结构

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图 4 MCPM结构

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图 5 不同尺度组合的整体及TC的Dice值

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图 6 不同尺度组合的计算效率

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图 7 4种模态示例

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图 8 数据集预处理流程图

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图 9 不同模块分割结果对比

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图 10 TC/WT边界对比

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图 11 分割结果可视化

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表 1 实验设备配置表

参数	配置
CPU	Intel(R)Core(TM)i7-14700HX(2.1 GHz)
GPU	NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060(8 GB)
Windows	11
CUDA	11.8
PyTorch	2.5
Python	3.9

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表 2 数据集划分及样本量分布

数据集名称	数据子集	样本数量	用途
BraTS2021	训练集	875	模型训练
	验证集	250	性能验证
	测试集	125	性能测试
BraTS2020	测试集	50	泛化验证

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表 3 在BraTS2021数据集上使用基线模型3DUNet不同$ \alpha $时的结果对比

$ \alpha $	Dice(%)				Sensitivity(%)				HD95(mm)
$ \alpha $	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值
0.1	83.3	75.4	74.2	77.6	88.3	78.2	73.2	79.9	18.6	12.1	10.1	13.6
0.2	82.1	75.6	75.3	77.7	87.5	78.1	75.3	80.3	17.5	11.5	10.3	13.1
0.3	84.8	76.3	75.6	78.9	89.7	80.6	77.0	82.4	16.9	10.9	9.9	12.6
0.4	81.2	76.4	72.1	76.6	86.7	79.9	73.1	79.9	18.3	10.9	10.3	13.2
0.5	80.5	75.8	73.2	76.5	86.3	78.2	72.8	79.1	18.2	12.3	10.8	13.8
0.6	82.5	74.7	74.4	77.2	87.9	77.8	75.9	80.5	17.8	12.5	10.5	13.6
0.7	83.6	74.2	74.1	77.3	88.5	77.2	75.2	80.3	17.1	12.4	10.4	13.3
0.8	80.2	75.5	73.9	76.5	85.4	77.3	73.0	78.6	18.8	11.8	10.7	13.8
0.9	79.8	73.1	73.6	75.5	84.9	75.4	74.6	78.3	19.0	12.7	11.0	14.2
注：表中粗体表示最优值。

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表 4 交叉验证结果对比

交叉验证折数	Dice(%)				Sensitivity(%)				HD95(mm)
交叉验证折数	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值
1	93.1	90.4	90.2	91.2	96.2	96.1	89.9	94.1	2.8	2.1	3.0	2.6
2	92.1	88.9	88.6	89.9	95.5	92.4	88.3	92.1	3.2	2.7	3.3	3.1
3	93.8	93.3	89.3	92.1	96.7	95.6	89.0	93.8	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
4	91.2	90.2	89.4	90.3	93.8	92.9	89.1	91.9	3.1	2.9	3.7	3.2
5	92.5	89.8	88.2	90.2	95.3	92.2	88.3	91.9	2.9	2.3	3.4	2.9
均值	92.5	90.5	89.1	90.7	95.5	93.8	88.9	92.7	3.0	2.6	3.3	3.0
注：表中所有数值均为平均值。

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表 5 消融实验结果对比

模块	Dice(%)				Sensitivity(%)				HD95(mm)
模块	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值
3DUNet(1)	82.3	76.1	75.3	77.9	88.1	81.2	75.8	81.7	17.7	11.4	9.5	12.9
3DUNet+MEGM(2)	89.8	87.2	86.8	87.9	94.8	88.6	82.2	88.5	7.2	5.5	5.3	6.0
3DUNet+GCSM(3)	88.4	85.0	85.8	86.4	94.3	87.8	84.4	88.8	8.4	7.2	5.1	6.9
3DUNet+MCPM(4)	86.2	83.1	80.5	83.3	92.8	85.5	79.4	85.9	11.7	9.2	8.3	9.7
3DUNet+MEGM+GCSM(5)	90.2	88.8	88.2	89.1	95.3	90.2	89.8	91.8	6.4	4.5	4.2	5.0
3DUNet+MEGM+MCPM(6)	89.2	87.4	87.6	88.1	95.0	88.9	87.1	90.3	5.9	4.3	3.9	4.7
3DUNet+GCSM+MCPM(7)	88.9	88.2	86.2	87.8	94.2	88.2	88.6	90.3	6.2	5.1	4.5	5.3
MGM-3DUNet(8)	91.2	90.4	89.2	90.3	96.4	93.2	90.2	93.3	3.1	3.9	2.8	3.3
注：表中粗体表示最优值。

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表 6 MGM-3DUNet与不同模型的对比结果

网络类型	模型	Dice(%)				HD95(%)				Param(M)
网络类型	模型	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值	Param(M)
经典网络	UNet++^[21]	86.6	77.4	74.5	79.5	8.9	23.3	27.9	20.0	22.2
	V-Net^[6]	88.2	83.6	80.6	84.1	10.5	13.3	24.5	16.1	24.3
	MGM-3DUNet	91.2	90.4	89.2	90.3	3.1	3.9	2.8	3.3	2.3
目前主流网络	TransBTS^[9]	86.4	88.3	87.6	87.4	12.5	16.8	13.1	14.1	30.6
	UNETR^[22]	90.8	89.3	88.9	89.7	5.5	5.0	3.6	4.7	148.5
	Swin UNETR^[10]	90.8	89.5	89.0	89.8	5.4	4.8	3.7	4.6	35.5
	VM-UNet^[14]	90.2	85.6	80.2	85.3	5.4	7.8	5.3	6.2	18.7
	FS Inv-ResU-Net^[23]	90.5	86.5	82.8	86.6	5.5	4.5	2.4	4.1	26.3
	MR-SC-UNet^[24]	91.1	87.5	87.8	88.8	4.4	5.3	2.5	4.1	32.4
	DC-Seg^[25]	89.8	88.2	87.9	88.6	5.8	6.2	5.2	5.7	15.2
	VSMU-Net^[26]	90.4	89.3	88.6	89.4	6.1	4.8	5.0	5.3	25.1
	S²CA-Net^[27]	89.9	89.2	88.5	89.2	6.3	5.1	4.9	5.4	32.3
	MGM-3DUNet	91.2	90.4	89.2	90.3	3.1	3.9	2.8	3.3	2.3
轻量级网络	LATUP-Net^[28]	90.5	88.5	86.4	88.5	6.3	8.2	4.5	6.3	3.1
	ADHDC-Net^[29]	80.5	87.0	85.4	84.3	14.7	12.1	6.8	11.2	0.3
	MGM-3DUNet	91.2	90.4	89.2	90.3	3.1	3.9	2.8	3.3	2.3
注：表中粗体表示最优值

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表 7 MGM-3DUNet在BraTS2020数据集上的对比结果(%)

模型	Dice				HD95
模型	WT	TC	ET	均值	WT	TC	ET	均值
VM-UNet	87.2	85.9	82.4	85.2	6.2	8.3	6.4	7.0
LATUP-Net	87.5	88.1	85.3	87.0	5.5	9.2	5.3	6.7
TransBTS	82.5	83.6	81.8	82.6	15.5	20.3	6.8	14.2
DC-Seg	89.2	88.1	86.7	88.0	7.3	6.1	5.5	6.3
VSMU-Net	89.5	88.3	87.1	88.3	7.1	5.7	5.5	6.1
S²CA-Net	89.1	88.1	87.2	88.1	7.2	6.3	5.4	6.3
MGM-3DUNet	90.1	89.8	87.2	89.0	5.2	4.8	4.0	4.7
注：表中粗体表示最优值

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