基于时序-空间特征自适应融合的非正交PSWFs信号检测方法

陈文华; 毛忠阳; 陆发平; 孙烨; 高翊轩

doi:10.11999/JEIT260024

基于时序-空间特征自适应融合的非正交PSWFs信号检测方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260024 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260024

陈文华^{1, 2, 3},
毛忠阳^{1, 2},
陆发平^{1, 2, ,},
孙烨³,
高翊轩⁴

1.
中国人民解放军海军航空大学烟台 264001
2.
山东省海空信息感知与处理技术重点实验室烟台 264001
3.
中国人民解放军91428部队宁波 315456
4.
哈尔滨工程大学哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20200039)，山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MD045)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈文华：男，博士生，工程师，研究方向为现代通信理论与应用、通信信号波形设计、非正弦通信

毛忠阳：男，教授，研究方向为现代通信理论与应用、激光通信、无线通信组网技术

陆发平：男，副教授，研究方向为现代通信理论与应用、测控与通信信号波形设计、非正弦通信

孙烨：男，工程师，研究方向为现代通信理论与应用、通信对抗技术

高翊轩：男，硕士生，研究方向为现代通信理论与应用、深度学习

通讯作者:
陆发平　lufaping@163.com

中图分类号: TN911.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-08
- 修回日期: 2026-07-16
- 录用日期: 2026-07-21
- 网络出版日期: 2026-07-30

Non-Orthogonal PSWFs Signal Detection Method Based on Adaptive Temporal-Spatial Feature Fusion

CHEN Wenhua^{1, 2, 3},
MAO Zhongyang^{1, 2},
LU Faping^{1, 2
, ,},
SUN Ye³,
GAO Yixuan⁴

1.
Naval Aviation University, People’s Liberation Army of China, Yantai 264001, China
2.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sea-Air Information Perception and Processing Technology, Yantai 264001, China
3.
No. 91428 Force, People’s Liberation Army of China, Ningbo 315456, China
4.
Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

Funds: China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20200039), The National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MD045)

摘要

摘要: 针对非正交椭圆球面波函数(PSWFs)信号间相互干扰严重，传统检测方法难以有效分离干扰导致性能下降的难题，该文提出一种基于时序-空间特征自适应融合(ATSFF)的非正交PSWFs信号检测方法。该方法构建时序-空间双路径并行特征提取架构，分别提取信号的一维时序相关特征与二维空间结构特征，设计基于预测置信度的自适应概率加权融合机制实现特征互补增强。仿真结果表明，在误比特率为 4×10^–5时，所提方法系统误码性能比交叉项检测方法提升约0.2 dB。
- 椭圆球面波函数 /
- 非正交信号检测 /
- 时序-空间特征融合 /
- 自适应加权融合
Abstract: Objective To address the demands of B5G/6G systems for high spectral efficiency and transmission reliability, Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions (PSWFs)-based non-orthogonal modulation has attracted extensive research interest because of its strong time-frequency energy concentration. However, severe mutual interference among multiplexed PSWF signals degrades the performance of conventional detection methods in complex channel environments. Existing methods are limited by ideal channel assumptions or single-modal feature extraction and therefore cannot fully exploit the temporal and spatial information of PSWF signals or adapt to dynamic interference. An Adaptive Temporal-Spatial Feature Fusion (ATSFF) architecture is proposed for accurate and robust detection of non-orthogonal PSWF signals. Method A dual-path parallel framework is constructed to extract complementary temporal and spatial features. A Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network extracts deep temporal features and captures long-term dependencies from one-dimensional received signals. In the other path, one-dimensional signals are transformed into two-dimensional representations using the Gramian Angular Difference Field (GADF), and hierarchical spatial features are extracted using ResNet50. An adaptive probability-weighted fusion mechanism dynamically adjusts the contributions of the two feature branches according to their prediction uncertainty, thereby integrating complementary temporal and spatial information and improving detection robustness. Results and Discussion Simulations on a 32-class non-orthogonal PSWF signal dataset (Fig. 2) show that the proposed ATSFF method outperforms coherent detection, cross-term detection, Approximate Message Passing-Interleave Division Multiple Access (AMP-IDMA), and Temporal Multiple Sparse Bayesian Learning-Least Squares (TMSBL-LS) over the full Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) range. t-SNE visualization (Fig. 4) shows that the fused features achieve better inter-class separation and greater intra-class compactness. At a bit error rate of 4 × 10^–5, the proposed method achieves a gain of approximately 0.2 dB over cross-term detection (Fig. 6). Although ATSFF has higher computational overhead and lower real-time performance than conventional methods, its single-sample inference cost remains fixed after the network architecture is established, and GPU-based batch processing is supported. The method is therefore suitable for communication scenarios with high detection-accuracy requirements. Conclusions An adaptive temporal-spatial feature fusion method is proposed for non-orthogonal PSWF signal detection under severe mutual interference. Dual-path feature extraction is achieved using GRU and ResNet50, and a prediction-uncertainty-based adaptive probability-weighted fusion mechanism is used to integrate complementary temporal and spatial features. The simulation results demonstrate improved detection accuracy and robustness under complex channel conditions. The proposed method provides a feasible approach for high-accuracy detection of non-orthogonal PSWF signals.
- Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions(PSWF) /
- Non-orthogonal signal detection /
- Temporal-spatial feature fusion /
- Adaptive weighted fusion

HTML全文

图 1 ATSFF架构

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图 2 GADF转换前后图像

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图 3 GRU单元结构

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图 4 t-SNE散点变化

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图 5 不同比特信噪比误码性能分析

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图 6 不同信号检测方法系统误码性能

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表 1 模型复杂度

模型	时间复杂度
相干检测	$ O({N}^{2}) $
AMP-IDMA	$ O(KN_{\mathrm{t}}N\mathrm{_r}+KN\mathrm{_t}M) $
TMSBL-LS	$ O({K}^{3}),K\gg N $
交叉项检测	$ O({N}^{3}) $
ATSFF	$ O\left(\displaystyle\sum \nolimits_{l=1}^{49}{F}_{l}\cdot {C}_{l}\cdot K_{l}^{2}\cdot {H}_{l}\cdot {W}_{l}\right) $

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 模型超参数

参数类别	参数名称	参数值
训练配置	优化器	Adam
	学习率	0.001
	批次大小	100
	最大训练轮数	200
	早停机制耐心值	15
	权重衰减系数	1e–4
	损失函数	CrossEntropyLoss
网络特定参数	ResNet50权重初始化	ImageNet 预训练权重
网络特定参数	GRU权重初始化	随机初始化

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