Research on Model-Driven Integrated Simulation Technology for Space-Based Support
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摘要: 该文聚焦于基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)应用于天基支援一体化仿真，旨在解决复杂运行体系下信息描述、系统互操作与集成仿真的关键难题。针对传统仿真方法在功能逻辑-时空信息的跨平台协同、动态扩展和高效集成方面的不足，该文提出一种基于离散事件系统规范(DEVS)的多视角建模仿真方法，并构建了“1个平台+N个组件适配器”的分布式混合仿真集成框架。该框架通过基本对象管理、异构软件适配器、时间管理控制和发布订阅四大核心模块，实现了对系统模型的抽象化互联、仿真资源的即插即用、全局时序的精确同步以及高性能实时通信，有效支撑了异构仿真软件的互操作与可重用。在此基础上，进一步设计了联合仿真系统，整合体系架构开发与验证软件与运行可视化与推演的时空仿真软件，利用消息中间件实现状态机与时空模型之间的双向同步交互，完成了从运行概念到数字推演的闭环验证。以“海上天基支援拒止”为典型场景，开展了运行概念设计、资源分析与联合仿真，验证了体系功能逻辑的合理性与可信性。该研究成果为复杂联合运行体系的数字化设计、推演优化与方案改进提供了有效的技术路径与环境支撑。Abstract:
Objective Space-based information support is a core component of modern operational systems. It acquires, transmits, and processes information through space-based platforms to provide full-process, round-the-clock information support for remote precision strikes. Therefore, digital simulation and verification of space-based information support systems have become key means for combat concept design, scheme demonstration, and rapid capability iteration. This study examines the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE) to integrated simulation of space-based support operations. The objective is to address key challenges in information representation, system interoperability, and integrated simulation in complex combat systems. To overcome the limitations of traditional simulation approaches in cross-platform collaboration, dynamic extensibility, and efficient integration of functional logic with spatiotemporal information, a multi-perspective modeling and simulation method based on the Discrete EVent System specification(DEVS) is proposed. A hybrid integrated simulation framework is constructed. Methods The proposed framework enables abstract interconnection of weapon and equipment models, plug-and-play integration of simulation resources, precise global time synchronization, and high-performance real-time communication. These capabilities are achieved through four core modules: data integration management, heterogeneous software adapters, time management control, and publish–subscribe mechanisms. The framework supports interoperability and reusability of heterogeneous simulation software. On this basis, a joint simulation system is designed by integrating system architecture development and verification software with spatiotemporal simulation software for visualization and reasoning. Message middleware supports bidirectional synchronous interaction between state machines and spatiotemporal models, enabling closed-loop verification from combat concepts to digital inference. The core contribution of this research is the removal of long-standing separation between discrete event logic describing combat functions, information flow, and state machines, typically modeled using Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and continuous physical scenes, such as spatiotemporal motion and sensor coverage, constructed on visualization and deduction platforms. Through real-time bidirectional data exchange enabled by message middleware, discrete command decisions drive continuous platform behavior, whereas dynamic changes in battlefield conditions trigger corresponding combat responses. Results and Discussions A complete closed-loop simulation of a “maritime island and reef reconnaissance support denial operation” scenario is conducted using the joint simulation system, producing effective verification results. The simulation reproduces the full process from space-based target detection to coordinated regional denial by multi-domain forces. First, a capability–activity–equipment analysis model for the combat mission is developed using the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF), generating equipment interaction relationships and corresponding state machines. In parallel, continuous construction of the combat scenario is implemented on the visualization and deduction platform. The entire deduction process is precisely synchronized with physical motion through the state machine model deployed in the system architecture development and verification platform. Each state transition, such as “target detection,” “strike initiation,” and “effect evaluation,” triggers corresponding spatiotemporal simulation activities. Platform states and environmental data fed back from the visualization and deduction platform then drive subsequent state machine evolution. Through joint simulation, the rationality and feasibility of the operational concept, in which multi-domain unmanned forces conduct reconnaissance, deterrence, and denial under space-based information support, are verified. The results provide an intuitive and high-confidence basis for decision-making in system scheme optimization. Conclusions This study investigates the application of model-driven technology to the design and validation of space-based support joint operation systems. A joint simulation framework enabling deep integration of functional logic and physical scenarios is constructed and validated. Unlike conventional simulation approaches that focus on static structures or isolated functions, the proposed framework couples SysML-based discrete event logic models with continuous spatiotemporal dynamic models through a distributed architecture consisting of one core platform and multiple component adapters. This approach resolves the long-standing separation between functional modeling and scene simulation. Discrete behaviors, such as command decision-making and state transitions, directly drive platform movement and interaction within realistic spatiotemporal environments. Conversely, dynamic battlefield changes provide real-time feedback that affects higher-level logical decisions, forming a bidirectional closed loop. The framework integrates the precision of functional logic with the intuitiveness of scene simulation and enables realistic reproduction of multi-domain collaborative operations in digital space. It provides effective support for system design, operational deduction, and high-confidence verification of space-based support joint operation systems. -
表 1 本文方法与现有联合仿真方法比较
对比维度 本文方法 OOSEM / Arcadia
(主流MBSE方法)HLA(高层体系结构) FMI/FMU(功能模型接口) 建模范式 基于DEVS的离散事件+连续
混合系统建模，支持功能逻辑与
时空行为统一描述以SysML为主，侧重架构
设计与需求追溯，物理行为
建模能力弱基于对象类(FOM/SOM)，
强调联邦成员间数据交互聚焦组件级模型封装，
支持固定步长协同仿真异构集成能力 通过“N个组件适配器”
实现任意异构软件(如STK,
MATLAB、自研推演系统)
即插即用需依赖特定工具链(如Cameo,
Capella)，跨平台集成困难依赖RTI中间件，配置复杂，
对非HLA兼容系统支持有限仅支持符合FMI标准的模型，
无法直接集成非FMU软件时空一致性
保障内置全局时间管理模块，支持
精确事件同步与因果序控制无内建时序机制，需额外
引入仿真工具补充提供时间推进服务(TSA/NTS)，但精度
受限于联邦成员实现依赖主调度器协调，难以处理
动态事件与反馈回路
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