空间目标散射结构极化旋转域辨识

崔兴超; 李郝亮; 付耀文; 陈思伟; 粟毅

doi:10.11999/JEIT220493

空间目标散射结构极化旋转域辨识

doi: 10.11999/JEIT220493

国防科技大学电子科学学院长沙 410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62122091)，湖南省杰青项目基金(2020JJ2034)

详细信息

作者简介:
崔兴超：男，博士生，研究方向为极化雷达成像与目标识别

李郝亮：男，博士生，研究方向为极化雷达成像与目标识别

付耀文：男，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为雷达信号处理、信息融合技术

陈思伟：男，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为极化雷达成像、目标识别、电子对抗

粟毅：男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为新体制雷达系统、雷达信号处理

通讯作者:
陈思伟　chenswnudt@163.com

中图分类号: TN957.52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-21
- 修回日期: 2022-08-23
- 录用日期: 2022-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-29
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-10

Scattering Structure Recognition of Space Target in Polarimetric Rotation Domain

College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62122091), The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ2034)

摘要

摘要: 极化逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)具备全极化测量和高分辨成像能力，已成为空间态势感知的重要传感器。作为典型的人造目标，空间目标散射特性敏感于目标姿态和雷达视线方向的相对夹角。这种散射多样性给极化ISAR数据解译带来困难，也蕴藏着丰富的极化散射信息。为提高空间目标散射结构辨识性能，该文深入挖掘绕雷达视线的极化旋转域信息，提出一种空间目标散射结构极化旋转域辨识方法，共包含3个步骤。首先，对极化ISAR数据开展绕雷达视线的极化旋转域分析，导出极化相关方向图特征。其次，分析基本散射体的极化相关方向图特性，构造极化特征编码矢量。最后，基于极化特征编码矢量距离度量实现散射结构极化辨识。围绕太阳能帆板、反射面天线等空间目标典型部件开展仿真实验研究，所提方法相较于传统的Cameron分解方法性能更优，鲁棒性更高。
- 极化逆合成孔径雷达 /
- 极化旋转域 /
- 极化相关方向图 /
- 空间目标 /
- 结构辨识
Abstract: Polarimetric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), which has the ability of full polarization measurement and high-resolution imaging, has become an important sensor for space awareness. As a typical man-made target, space target has various scattering characteristic, which is sensitive to the relative angle between the target orientation and the radar’s line of sight. This scattering diversity makes it difficult for polarimetric ISAR data interpretation. Besides, enrich polarimetric scattering information is hidden within it. In order to promote the interpretation performance of space target, a scattering structure recognition method in polarimetric rotation domain is proposed by mining the polarimetric rotation domain information along the radar’s line of sight, which mainly contains three steps. Firstly, polarimetric rotation domain analysis along the radar’s line of sight is conducted on the polarimetric ISAR data and a set of polarimetric correlation pattern features are derived. Secondly, the polarimetric correlation pattern characteristics of canonical structures are analyzed and the polarimetric feature coding vectors are given. Finally, the target scattering structure can be recognized by the distance of polarimetric feature coding vectors. Simulation experimental studies are carried out with the typical space target components of solar panel and reflector antenna. Compared with the traditional Cameron decomposition, the proposed method has superior and robust performance.
- Polarimetric Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar /
- Polarimetric rotation domain /
- Polarimetric correlation pattern /
- Space target /
- Structure recognition

HTML全文

图 1 极化旋转域散射结构辨识算法流程图

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图 2 仿真模型

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图 3 Ku波段30°俯仰角、15°方位角太阳能帆板解译结果

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图 4 Ku波段30°俯仰角、15°方位角太阳能帆板部分强散射点特性

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图 5 X波段40°俯仰角、45°方位角反射面天线解译结果

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图 6 X波段40°俯仰角、45°方位角反射面天线部分强散射点特性

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表 1 极化相关方向图特征表达式及物理意义

极化相关方向图特征	表达式	物理意义
原始极化相关特征值	${\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-}{\text{org} } } } = \left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( 0 \right)} \right\|$	原始成像几何下的去相关效应
极化相关度	${\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-}{\text{mean} } } } = {\text{mean} }\left\{ {\left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( \theta \right)} \right\|} \right\}$	极化旋转域的平均去相关效应
极化相关起伏度	${\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-}{\text{std} } } } = {\text{std} }\left\{ {\left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( \theta \right)} \right\|} \right\}$	极化相关值在极化旋转域中的起伏程度
极化相关特征最大值	${\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-} \max } } = \max \left\{ {\left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( \theta \right)} \right\|} \right\}$	极化相关值上界
极化相关特征最小值	${\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-} \min } } = \min \left\{ {\left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( \theta \right)} \right\|} \right\}$	极化相关值下界
极化相关对比度	${\tilde \gamma _{\text{-}{\text{contrast} } } } = {\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-} \max } } - {\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-} \min } }$	极化相关值极差
极化相关特征反熵	${\tilde \gamma _{ \text{-}{\text{A} } } } = \left( { { {\tilde \gamma }_{ \text{-} \max } } - { {\tilde \gamma }_{ \text{-} \min } } } \right)/\left( { { {\tilde \gamma }_{\text{-} \max } } + { {\tilde \gamma }_{\text{-} \min } } } \right)$	极化相关值相对极差
最小化旋转角	${\theta _{\tilde \gamma \text{-} \min } } = \arg {\text{ } }\min \left\{ {\left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( \theta \right)} \right\|} \right\}$	极化相关值最小时对应旋转角
最大化旋转角	${\theta _{\tilde \gamma \text{-} \min } } = \arg {\text{ } }\max \left\{ {\left\| {\tilde \gamma \left( \theta \right)} \right\|} \right\}$	极化相关值最大时对应旋转角
极化相关宽度	$\left\{ \begin{aligned}& { { {\tilde \gamma }_{ \text{-}{\text{bw0} }{\text{.95} } } } = {\theta _1} - {\theta _2} } \\ & {\tilde \gamma \left( { {\theta _1} } \right) = \tilde \gamma \left( { {\theta _2} } \right) = 0.95 \cdot { {\tilde \gamma }_{ {\text{-max} } } } } \end{aligned} \right.$	目标对取向依赖性效应的敏感程度

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表 2 7种典型散射体极化散射矩阵及极化相关方向图

	平板	二面角	偶极子	圆柱	窄二面角	1/4波器件	螺旋散射体
极化散射矩阵	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&0 \\ 0&1 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&0 \\ 0&{ - 1} \end{array}} \right]$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&0 \\ 0&0 \end{array}} \right]$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c} } 1&0 \\ 0&{\dfrac{1}{2} } \end{array} } \right]$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c} } 1&0 \\ 0&{ - \dfrac{1}{2} } \end{array} } \right]$	$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&0 \\ 0&{\text{j}} \end{array}} \right]$	$\dfrac{1}{2}\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c} } 1&{\text{j} } \\ {\text{j} }&{ - 1} \end{array} } \right]$
$\left\| { { {\tilde \gamma }_{ {\text{HH-HV} } } }\left( \theta \right)} \right\|$
$\left\| { { {\tilde \gamma }_{ {\text{HH-VV} } } }\left( \theta \right)} \right\|$
$\left\| { { {\tilde \gamma }_{({\text{HH+VV} }){\text{-(HH-VV)} } } }\left( \theta \right)} \right\|$
$\left\| { { {\tilde \gamma }_{({\text{HH-VV} }){\text{-(HV)} } } }\left( \theta \right)} \right\|$

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表 3 电磁仿真参数

波段	载频(GHz)	距离向分辨率(m)	成像孔径(°)	方位向分辨率(m)	方位角(°)	俯仰角(°)
X	9.5～10.5	0.150	5.73	0.150	[0:15:90]	[30 40]
Ku	15.5～17.5	0.075	6.94	0.075	[0:15:90]	[30 40]

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表 4 X波段太阳能帆板结构辨识结果中各散射结构占比(%)

观测视角		Cameron分解				极化旋转域辨识
俯仰角	方位角	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它
30°	0°	73.33	26.67	0	0	73.33	26.67	0	0
	15°	0	86.67	13.33	0	0	100.00	0	0
	30°	23.33	76.67	0	0	76.67	13.33	10.00	0
	45°	100.00	0	0	0	96.67	0	0	3.33
	60°	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0	0
	75°	23.33	73.33	3.33	0	73.33	3.33	23.33	0
	90°	0	30.00	70.00	0	0	83.33	6.67	10.00
40°	0°	90.00	10.00	0	0	90.00	10.00	0	0
	15°	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0	0
	30°	0	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0
	45°	73.33	26.67	0	0	46.67	53.33	0	0
	60°	0	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0
	75°	0	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0
	90°	63.33	20.00	13.33	3.33	63.33	10.00	23.33	3.33

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表 5 Ku波段太阳能帆板结构辨识结果中各散射结构占比(%)

观测视角		Cameron分解				极化旋转域辨识
俯仰角	方位角	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它	平板	圆柱	偶极子	其它
30°	0°	0	28.00	72.00	0	0	30.00	70.00	0
	15°	0	18.00	82.00	0	0	18.00	82.00	0
	30°	0	94.00	6.00	0	0	100.00	0	0
	45°	0	14.00	62.00	24.00	0	24.00	22.00	54.00
	60°	2.00	50.00	46.00	2.00	2.00	66.00	18.00	14.00
	75°	0	28.00	72.00	0	0	50.00	50.00	0
	90°	40.00	60.00	0	0	98.00	0	0	2.00
40°	0°	54.00	40.00	6.00	0	56.00	42.00	0	2.00
	15°	0	48.00	52.00	0	0	66.00	34.00	0
	30°	8.00	92.00	0	0	62.00	38.00	0	0
	45°	2.00	12.00	64.00	22.00	2.00	8.00	34.00	56.00
	60°	26.00	52.00	22.00	0	20.00	24.00	2.00	54.00
	75°	0	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0
	90°	58.00	42.00	0	0	58.00	42.00	0	0

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表 6 X波段反射面天线结构辨识结果中各散射结构占比(%)

观测视角		Cameron分解				极化旋转域辨识
俯仰角	方位角	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它
30°	0°	85.00	10.00	0	5.00	85.00	10.00	5.00	0
	15°	80.00	20.00	0	0	80.00	20.00	0	0
	30°	95.00	5.00	0	0	95.00	5.00	0	0
	45°	100.00	0	0	0	100.00	0	0	0
	60°	80.00	20.00	0	0	85.00	15.00	0	0
	75°	90.00	10.00	0	0	90.00	10.00	0	0
	90°	85.00	10.00	0	5.00	85.00	10.00	5.00	0
40°	0°	35.00	40.00	20.00	5.00	50.00	15.00	30.00	5.00
	15°	75.00	25.00	0	0	90.00	10.00	0	0
	30°	65.00	25.00	5.00	5.00	80.00	0	15.00	5.00
	45°	45.00	50.00	5.00	0	80.00	20.00	0	0
	60°	80.00	15.00	5.00	0	90.00	0	5.00	5.00
	75°	75.00	25.00	0	0	90.00	10.00	0	0
	90°	35.00	40.00	15.00	10.00	50.00	15.00	30.00	5.00

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表 7 Ku波段反射面天线结构辨识结果中各散射结构占比(%)

观测视角		Cameron分解				极化旋转域辨识
俯仰角	方位角	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它	平板	圆柱	1/4波器件	其它
30°	0°	56.67	36.67	6.67	0	66.67	20.00	13.33	0
	15°	56.67	36.67	6.67	0	66.67	26.67	6.67	0
	30°	70.00	23.33	3.33	3.33	73.33	16.67	6.67	3.33
	45°	56.67	36.67	3.33	3.33	70.00	20.00	3.33	6.67
	60°	66.67	30.00	0	3.33	70.00	26.67	0	3.33
	75°	63.33	33.33	3.33	0	73.33	23.33	3.33	0
	90°	56.67	33.33	10.00	0	66.67	20.00	13.33	0
40°	0°	46.67	40.00	13.33	0	40.00	56.67	0	3.33
	15°	56.67	40.00	3.33	0	60.00	36.67	3.33	0
	30°	60.00	40.00	0	0	66.67	33.33	0	0
	45°	56.67	40.00	3.33	0	56.67	36.67	3.33	3.33
	60°	46.67	50.00	3.33	0	63.33	33.33	3.33	0
	75°	60.00	36.67	3.33	0	60.00	40.00	0	0
	90°	46.67	40.00	13.33	0	40.00	56.67	0	3.33

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