A Satellite Calibration Method for the Baseline Coordinate and Phase Difference of Distributed Radar Array
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摘要: 在采用相位干涉测角的分布式阵列雷达系统中，系统阵面相位中心位置误差和相位误差对测角精度影响很大，且阵面相位中心位置与物理中心位置通常不一致，因此需要对其进行精细标准补偿。传统的雷达系统误差校正方法通常采用远场辐射源来对雷达进行校正，但是对于单元间距很大的分布式阵列空间目标监视雷达而言，要实现远场辐射校准往往很难。该文提出一种利用多弧段的精轨卫星精密星历对阵面相位中心位置误差引起的相位误差进行白化，然后搜索相位中心坐标和相位差使匹配方差最小的校正方法，无需使用特定仪器测量，且能很好地标定误差；计算机仿真以及实测数据验证了使用该文校正方法后，测角精度得到了显著提升。Abstract: In the system of distributed radar array system using phase interference angle measurement, the phase center coordinate error of arrays and the phase difference error have relatively large influence on the angle measurement. The phase center position is often inconsistent with physical center position. Thus it is necessary to compensate these errors precisely. Far field radiation sources are often used to calibrate radar in traditional calibration methods. However, it is usually hard to achieve far field radiation sources for distributed radar array with large space between units surveilling space targets. In this paper, a calibration method based on the precise ephemeris of refined orbit satellites without measuring with special instruments is proposed. The phase error caused by coordinate error can be whitened by the precise ephemeris of multiple arcs, and the coordinate and phase difference will be searched out by matching the minimum variance. This method can get the errors easily. The simulation results and actual data verify that angle measurement accuracy gets large improvement by the method.
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表 1 各子阵坐标
阵面编号 设计坐标(m) 实际坐标(m) 固定相位差误差(rad) 坐标标校结果(m) 固定相位差标校结果(rad) 1 (0, 0, 0) (0, 0, 0) 0 (0, 0, 0) 0 2 (–20, 20, 0) (–20.22, 20.03, 0.0073) 0.1 (–20.2202, 20.0308, 0.0091) 0.1120 3 (–20, –20, 0) (–19.78, –20.07, 0.0048) –2.1 (–19.7295, –20.0687, 0.0045) –2.1150 4 (50, 50, 0) (49.85, 50.11, 0.042) 0.8 (49.8503, 50.1114, 0.0374) 0.7509 5 (50, –50, 0) (50.05, –50.18, –0.012) –0.7 (50.0495, –50.1788, –0.0215) –0.7271 
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表 2 雷达观测范围内检测卫星统计
弧段编号 检测点数 最大信噪比(dB) 平均信噪比(dB) $\theta $角(°) $\varphi $角(°) 1 43 27.6312 23.6608 61.5580 118.3957 2 15 18.5448 17.1017 80.5948 99.4004 3 35 32.0955 23.8029 96.6451 83.3213 4 45 23.7853 19.0944 97.0084 83.0646 5 4 14.2794 13.8117 61.5526 118.3925 6 39 34.1118 26.6359 97.5285 82.4456 7 41 19.2383 16.3595 73.1886 106.8396 8 44 23.1740 18.8095 98.0682 81.9641 9 22 15.7978 14.1222 78.8579 101.2333 10 32 17.5476 14.8111 104.6093 75.4005 11 39 34.1118 26.6359 97.5572 82.5389 12 41 19.2383 16.3595 73.2011 106.8463 13 44 23.1740 18.8095 98.0618 81.9602 14 22 15.7978 14.1222 78.8513 101.2298 15 32 17.5476 14.8111 104.6212 75.4086
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表 3 修正前后测角误差标准差(°)
实验编号 修正前$\theta $角标准差 修正前$\varphi $角标准差 修正后$\theta $角标准差 修正后$\varphi $角标准差 1 0.2127 0.05465 0.003815 0.006577 2 0.3085 0.06186 0.003523 0.006966 3 0.3079 0.05706 0.003321 0.007179
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