Design of Fast Differential Frequency Measurement System Based on FPGA
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摘要:
针对电子测量中如何对基频较高而频率变化值较小的动态信号进行高精度频率测量的问题，引入了差频测量的方法。该文提出一种新型的动态可调的多级差频电路结构，设计了基于FPGA的快速差频测量系统，通过在FPGA上设计快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法来实现系统的数据处理功能。仿真结果表明，在满足差频条件的基础上，合理设计多级差频电路的结构能够实现高精度频率测量，在进行信号频谱分析时能得到较为准确的结果。实验验证了该测量系统能够实现快速FFT运算，相比于MATLAB软件平台，在数据处理效率上有明显的优势；同时在性能指标满足数据采集要求的前提下，系统可动态调整FFT模型的结构来适应不同规模点数FFT运算的需求。
Abstract:For the problem of high precision frequency measurement of dynamic signals with high fundamental frequency and small frequency change value in electronic measurement, a method of differential frequency measurement is introduced. A novel dynamic adjustable multi-stage frequency-difference circuit structure is proposed. The fast differential frequency measurement system based on FPGA is used to design the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm on the FPGA to realize the data processing function of the system. The simulation and experimental results show that the structure of the multi-stage differential frequency circuit can be designed with high precision frequency, and the result can be obtained when the spectrum analysis is carried out. The system can realize the fast FFT operation. Compared with the MATLAB software platform, the system has obvious advantages in the efficiency of data processing. The structure of the FFT model can be dynamically adjusted to meet the requirements of FFT operation of different scale points, and the system performance index can meet the requirements of data acquisition system.
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Key words:
- Differential frequency measurement /
- FPGA /
- FFT
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表 1 差频电路实验测量数据
fin=35.00005 kHz 理论频差(kHz) 实测频差(kHz) 绝对误差(Hz) 相对误差(%) fck/fin fck (kHz) 0.660011 23.100414 11.899636 11.200800 698.836 5.872751 0.663334 23.216715 11.783335 11.433400 349.935 2.969745 0.666668 23.333414 11.666636 11.666700 0.064 0.000549 0.670002 23.450113 11.549937 11.549900 0.037 0.000320 0.673337 23.566816 11.433234 11.433200 0.034 0.000297 0.733337 25.666827 9.333223 9.333200 0.023 0.000246 0.800003 28.000136 6.999914 6.999600 0.314 0.004486 0.866672 30.333548 4.666502 4.666500 0.002 0.000043 0.933337 32.666858 2.333192 2.333200 0.008 0.000343 0.980003 34.300166 0.699884 0.699890 0.006 0.000857 0.990003 34.650168 0.349882 0.349894 0.012 0.003430 1.000003 35.000172 0.000122 0.000132 0.010 8.196721 1.020004 35.700174 0.700124 0.700109 0.015 0.002142 1.200004 42.000206 7.000156 7.000034 0.122 0.001743 1.400005 49.000243 14.000193 14.000069 0.124 0.000886 1.600006 56.000277 21.000227 21.000000 0.227 0.001081 1.800007 63.000318 28.000268 28.000140 0.128 0.000457 1.980007 69.300355 34.300305 34.300280 0.025 0.000073 1.990099 69.653570 34.653520 34.530000 123.520 0.356443 2.000010 70.000463 35.000413 34.640000 360.410 1.029739 2.010011 70.350470 35.350420 34.880000 470.420 1.330734 2.020011 70.700478 35.700428 35.000000 700.428 1.961960 
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表 2 差频测量系统和MATLAB数据处理效率
点数 采样频率/待测频率 分辨率(Hz) 相对误差(%) 时间消耗 差频测量系统t1×10–6 (s) MATALB t2 (s) t2/t1 64 1.5 8.44 65.12 1.7911 0.0728 40645.41 2.5 14.06 2.77 1.7911 0.0729 40701.25 3.5 19.69 4.59 1.7912 0.0729 40698.97 128 1.5 4.22 71.11 3.1821 0.0824 25894.85 2.5 7.03 1.44 3.1823 0.0825 25924.65 3.5 9.84 2.51 3.1921 0.0824 25813.73 256 1.5 2.11 68.87 5.4661 0.0927 16959.08 2.5 3.52 1.24 5.4654 0.0928 16979.54 3.5 4.92 1.35 5.4657 0.0928 16978.61 512 1.5 1.05 71.12 10.9351 0.1084 9913.03 2.5 1.76 1.02 10.9332 0.1083 9905.61 3.5 2.46 1.12 10.9411 0.1084 9907.60
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表 4 差频测量系统测量误差及分辨率
ft (kHz) 闸门个数 计数器计数值 fck–fin (Hz) fin (Hz) 相对误差(×10–6) 分辨率(×10–6) 170.00039 2000 7999371 2000.26227 170000.7777 2.2808 5.81575 170.20039 1800 7999165 1800.28240 170200.7576 2.1598 5.81619 170.40039 1600 7999747 1600.13460 170400.9054 3.0246 5.81629 170.60038 1400 7998135 1400.39997 170600.6418 1.5345 5.81673 170.80039 1200 7998931 1200.22338 170800.8166 2.4978 5.81521 171.00039 1000 7987647 1001.59909 170999.4409 5.5502 5.81764
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