具有可重构特征的轨道角动量天线技术研究进展

吴杰; 胡俊; 张忠祥; 沙威; 黄志祥; 吴先良

doi:10.11999/JEIT230847

具有可重构特征的轨道角动量天线技术研究进展

doi: 10.11999/JEIT230847

吴杰^{1, 2},
胡俊³,
张忠祥¹,
沙威⁴,
黄志祥^5, ,,
吴先良^{1, 5}

1.
合肥师范学院电子信息系统仿真设计安徽省重点实验室合肥 230601
2.
东南大学毫米波全国重点实验室南京 210096
3.
合肥工业大学微电子学院合肥 230601
4.
浙江大学信息与电子工程学院杭州 310027
5.
安徽大学信息材料与智能感知安徽省实验室合肥 230039

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62201192, 62201190)，东南大学毫米波全国重点实验室开放基金(K202315)

详细信息

作者简介:
吴杰：男，博士，讲师，研究方向为可重构天线、轨道角动量天线

胡俊：男，博士，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为微波毫米波天线等

张忠祥：男，博士，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为电磁场与微波技术等

沙威：男，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为计算与应用电磁学等

黄志祥：男，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为计算电磁学、天线设计等

吴先良：男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为计算电磁学、天线设计等

通讯作者:
黄志祥　zxhuang@ahu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN820
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-04
- 修回日期: 2023-11-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-24

Research Progress of Orbital Angular Momentum Antenna Technologies with Reconfigurable Characteristics

WU Jie^{1, 2},
HU Jun³,
ZHANG Zhongxiang¹,
SHA Wei⁴,
HUANG Zhixiang^{5
, ,},
WU Xianliang^{1, 5}

1.
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Simulation and Design for Electronic Information System, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
3.
School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
4.
College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
5.
Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62201192, 62201190), The State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves of Southeast University (K202315)

摘要

摘要: 轨道角动量(OAM)因其模式具有理论上无穷且正交互不干扰的特点，在扩展信道容量方面展现出良好的优势，为解决日趋紧张的频谱资源提供了一种新型设计自由度。面对复杂多样的无线通信场景，设计具有可重构特征的OAM天线，是实现多模态复用、智能信息感知和人工智能天线的物理层基础。该文首先结合可重构天线实现机理，给出了OAM可重构天线设计的方法及具备的特点；然后，系统性综述了具有可重构特征的OAM天线的研究进展；最后，对未来设计具有可重构特征的OAM天线研究进行了展望。
- 涡旋电磁波 /
- 轨道角动量天线 /
- 可重构 /
- 复用
Abstract: Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) technology provides a new degree of freedom to tackle the problems of the increasingly strained frequency resources, due to its theoretical orthogonal modes and non-interference with each other, which shows a good advantage in expanding the channel capacity. To face complex and diverse wireless communication scenarios, the design of reconfigurable OAM antennas is the physical layer basis for multi-mode multiplexing, intelligent information sensing, and artificial intelligence antennas. In this paper, the design method and characteristics of OAM reconfigurable antenna are studied according to the realization mechanism of reconfigurable antennas. Then, the research progress of reconfigurable OAM antennas is systematically reviewed. Finally, the future design of reconfigurable OAM antenna is discussed.
- Vortex electromagnetic wave /
- Orbital Angular Momentum(OAM) antenna /
- Reconfigurable /
- Multiplexing

HTML全文

图 1 OAM-MIMO模式复用和解复用原理图及SISO与MIMO信道容量比较

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图 2 各种可重构器件及其应用设计

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图 3 基于UCA-OAM复用天线在多径环境中传播模型

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图 4 各种类型的OAM天线

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图 5 各种具有可重构特征OAM波多模生成结构

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表 1 射频微波段代表性天线产生OAM波性能总结

天线结构	文献	时间	中心频率 (GHz)	OAM模式	发散角	优点	缺点
螺旋相位板 (SPP)	[69]	2020	18	1	未给出	1.模式纯度高 2.增益高	1.不适合低频率 2.限制多模产生 3.难于加工制作 4.设计灵活性差
螺旋相位板 (SPP)	[15]	2014	28	±1和±3	未给出	1.模式纯度高 2.增益高	1.不适合低频率 2.限制多模产生 3.难于加工制作 4.设计灵活性差
反射板抛物面	[71]	2015	18	+1	12°	1.设计复杂度低 2.模式纯度高 3.高阶模式发散小 4.增益方向性高	1.限制多模式产生 2.设计适用性差 3.口径尺寸大 4.馈线遮挡信号
反射板抛物面	[72]	2021	10	不固定 (理论分析)	10°	1.设计复杂度低 2.模式纯度高 3.高阶模式发散小 4.增益方向性高	1.限制多模式产生 2.设计适用性差 3.口径尺寸大 4.馈线遮挡信号
圆环阵列天线 (UCA)	[32]	2014	1.55	±1	未给出	1.中等设计复杂度 2.设计适应性强 3.频率适应范围宽 4.可产生多模式，模式纯度中等	1.互耦可能会存在 2.增益较低
	[74]	2019	73.5	+1和+3	60°
	[75]	2020	5.2	±1和±2	30°
	[76]	2022	29	0,±1,±2和±3	未给出
	[77]	2022	9.2	–1和–2	90°
超表面	[78]	2019	5.2和10.5	+1和+2	18°	1.OAM波发散小 2.可产生多模式	1.口径尺寸比较大 2.设计复杂度高 3.设计适应性差
	[79]	2019	10	+1	15°
	[80]	2023	28	–1和–2	20°
介质谐振天线 (DRA)	[81]	2016	17.8和20.4	–3和–4	未给出	1.设计复杂度低 2. 可产生多模式	1.由于介电常数原因，在高频段口径尺寸变大
	[82]	2017	5.8	±1	90°
	[83]	2023	3.56	+1	45°
螺旋行波天线	[84]	2019	5.8	0,–1,–2和-3	未给出	1.多模复用适应性强 2. 模式纯度较高 3. 设计复杂度低	1.增益较低 2.波束易发散，传播距离有限
	[19]	2019	3	+1,+3和+5	60°
	[86]	2023	3.5	0,–1,–2和-3	90°

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表 2 具有可重构特征的各种类型OAM天线性能比较

天线结构	文献	工作频率(GHz)	天线尺寸(λ₀)	极化	OAM模式	增益(dBi)	发散角	可重构方案及控制装置
微带天线(UCA)	[22]	2.29～2.75	1.28×1.28×0.07	LHCP和 RHCP	±1	5.3	60°	RFN, 16个p-i-n二极管
	[30]	5.0～6.3	2.38×2.38×0.07	LP	±1和0	11.05	40°	RFN+可重构辐射单元， 32个p-i-n二极管
	[31]	2.45	1.7×2×0.007	LP	±1	7.1,7.0	80°	8个变容管
	[93]	5.0～5.4	2.8×2.8× 0.06	LP	±1和±2 混合模式	±1:3.7 ±2:8.9	40°	双圆环阵列多端口实现
	[77]	8.9～9.3	半径：1.23 高度：0.12	LHCP和 RHCP	–1和–2	8～10	90°	双圆环阵列多端口实现
水天线	[89]	2.35～2.55	半径：1.29 高度：0.1	LP	+1,+2独立和混合	2.5～ 4.1	75°	RFN, 2个p-i-n二极管
超表面透射阵	[90]	9.5～10.5	9.32×9.32× 0.03	LP	+1和+2	13.1～ 18.5	25°	20×20单元， 800个p-i-n二极管
超表面透射阵	[91]	5.7～6.4	3.2×3.2× 0.05	LP	0,±1和±2	15.9	未给出	16×16单元， 512个p-i-n二极管
超表面反射阵	[36]	10	10.7×10.7× 0.037	LP	±1	未给出	未给出	32×32单元， 2048个变容管
超表面反射阵	[76]	28～30	10×10× 0.143	LP	0,±1,±2和±3	0:24.2	未给出	20×20单元， 400个p-i-n二极管
八臂螺旋天线	[92]	2.427	半径：0.7	LP	多个单模及双模式混合	6.53～ 8.42	未给出	用于MIMO系统，端口控制
卡塞格伦反射面天线	[88]	18	高剖面	LP	0和±1	高增益	10°	馈电端口控制
UCA龙伯透镜	[93]	2.45	半径：2.5 高剖面	LP	0,+1和+2	高增益	30°	馈电端口控制
双螺旋液体天线	[94]	1.6～2.1/ 5.2～6.0	半径：23 mm 高度：47 mm	LP	±1和±3	7.2～ 7.7	90°	注入溶液温度、浓度

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