Beamforming Algorithm for MIMO-based Heterogeneous Networks with Hardware Impairments
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摘要: 由于多输入多输出(MIMO)异构网络能够提高系统容量和实现更多的用户接入，因此受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注，从而成为下一代通信系统的关键技术之一。然而，由于放大器非线性、相位噪声和I/Q不均衡等因素的影响，这类硬件损伤成为制约当前MIMO异构网络波束成形性能进一步提升的瓶颈。为了解决该问题，该文提前将硬件损伤考虑到MIMO异构网络波束成形算法设计当中。首先，考虑了每个基站的最大发射功率约束和每个用户的最小信干噪比约束，建立了一个含硬件损伤参数的系统总能耗最小的资源优化问题。其次，利用等价变换和半正定松弛方法，将原非凸问题转化为凸优化问题进行求解。仿真结果表明，与完美硬件条件下的波束成形算法对比，所提算法具有较好的抗硬件损伤能力和较低的中断概率。Abstract: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)-based Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) can improve system capacity and achieve more connectivity, which is dramatically concerned by academia and industry. Therefore, it becomes one of the key technologies in the next-generation communication system. However, due to the effect of factors such as amplifier nonlinearities, phase noise, and I/Q imbalance, these impairments become the bottlenecks for further improving the performance of beamforming in MIMO-based HetNets. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies the beamforming design in MIMO-based HetNets by considering hardware impairments ahead of time. Firstly, the resource allocation problem is formulated as the total transmit power minimization of the system with hardware impairments under the constraints of the maximum transmit power of each base station and the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of each user. Then, the original non-convex problem is transformed into an equivalent convex optimization problem by using the methods of the equivalent transformation and the semidefinite programming relaxation. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm has a low outage probability and can overcome the impact of hardware impairments by comparing it with the traditional beamforming algorithm with perfect hardware.
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表 1 仿真参数
参数 值 参数 值 $ {P^{\max }}({\text{W}}) $ 10 $ P_n^{\max }({\text{W}}) $ 0.1 ${ {{P} }_{\text{C} } }({\text{mW} })$ 1 $ \gamma _m^{\min } $ 1 $ \gamma _{n,k}^{\min } $ 1 $ \zeta $ 5 $ {\delta ^2}({\text{W}}) $ 10-8 $ M $ 2 $ N $ 2 $ {K_1},{K_2} $ 2 
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